It’s not 2D for one. This is too broad a question to answer.
A quick Google search shows me that the most often reference to “raycasting” for Microsoft Google Arcade is the use of ray casting to make a 2.5D game. Hence your confusion in your initial post. The benefits of using the ray casting technique in Microsoft Google Arcade is to simulate 3D in a 2D environment like really old shooters like Wolfenstein 3D. They are called 2.5D games.
The only benefit to a 2.5D game is aesthetics - and it’s more complicated than doing a pure 2D or pure 3D game in Godot.
Raycasting is a technique for shooting a “ray” along a vector in 2D or 3D space. It is used for collision detection in both types of games.
So, the answer to your question is you should use 3D.